| Item | Amount | Substutitions |
|---|---|---|
| Allspice | Any amount |
2 parts cinnamon 1 part ginger 1 part ground cloves |
| Arrowroot | 1 tsp | 1 Tbs flour |
| Arrowroot | 1 tsp | 1 tsp cornstarch |
| Baking powder | 1 tsp | 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar |
| Baking powder | 1 tsp |
1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 cup buttermilk (Decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup.) |
| Baking soda | 1 tsp |
4 tsp baking powder Note: If the recipt calls for an acidic liquid (e.g., sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk, vinegar, citrus juice, or molasses), replace it with the same amount of milk, water, or juice, depending on the original ingredient. |
| Baking soda | 1 tsp |
1 tsp potassium bicarbonate + 1/3 tsp salt. Note: If the recipt calls for an acidic liquid (e.g., sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk, vinegar, citrus juice, or molasses), replace it with the same amount of milk, water, or juice, depending on the original ingredient. |
| Beef broth | 1 cup | 1 bouillon cube + 1 cup boiling water |
| Beef broth | 1 cup | 1 Tbs soy sauce + enough water to make 1 cup |
| Beef broth | 1 cup | 1 cup vegetable broth |
| Beer | Any amount | An equal amount of non-alcoholic beer |
| Beer | Any amount | An equal amount of chicken broth |
| Brandy | 1/4 cup | 1 teaspoon imitation brandy extract + enough water to make 1/4 cup |
| Bread crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of cracker crumbs |
| Bread crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of matzo meal |
| Bread crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of ground oats |
| Bread flour | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour + tsp wheat gluten |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup, packed | 1 cup white sugar + 1/4 cup molasses |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup, packed | 1 cup white sugar |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup, packed | 1 1/4 cup confectioners' sugar |
|
Butter (salted) |
1 cup | 1 cup margarine |
|
Butter (salted) |
1 cup | 1 cup shortening + 1/2 tsp salt |
|
Butter (salted) |
1 cup | 7/8 cup vegetable oil + 1/2 tsp salt |
|
Butter (salted) |
1 cup | 7/8 cup lard + 1/2 tsp salt |
|
Butter (unsalted) |
1 cup | 1 cup shortening |
|
Butter (unsalted) |
1 cup | 7/8 cup vegetable oil |
|
Butter (unsalted) |
1 cup | 7/8 cup lard |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup |
1 Tbs lemon juice or vinegar + enough milk to make 1 cup. Stir to combine and allow to sit for 15 minutes. |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt |
| Cake flour | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 Tbs |
| Chervil | Any amount | An equal amount of fresh parsley |
| Chicken base | 1 Tbs |
1 cup canned or homemade chicken stock or broth. Note: Reduce liquid in recipe by 1 cup. |
| Chicken broth | 1 cup | 1 bouillon cube + 1 cup boiling water |
| Chicken broth | 1 cup | 1 Tbs soy sauce + enough water to make 1 cup |
| Chicken broth | 1 cup | 1 cup vegetable broth |
|
Chocolate (semisweet) |
1 ounce | 1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate + 4 tsp sugar |
|
Chocolate (semisweet) |
1 ounce | 1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips + 1 tsp shortening |
|
Chocolate (unsweetened) |
1 ounce | 3 Tbs unsweetened cocoa + 1 Tbs shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa powder | 1/4 cup | 1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Condensed milk, sweetened | 1 14-ounce can |
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 cup + 2 Tbs dry powdered milk. Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 15-20 minutes. |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cup white sugar + 1/3 cup water |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 cup honey |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 cup light treacle |
| Cracker crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of dry bread crumbs |
| Cracker crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of matzo meal |
| Cracker crumbs | Any amount | An equal amount of ground oats |
| Cottage cheese | Any amount | An equal amount of farmer's cheese |
| Cottage cheese | Any amount | An equal amount of ricotta cheese |
| Cream of mushroom soup | 1 can | 1 can cream of celery or cream of chicken |
| Cream of mushroom soup | 1 can | 1 can golden mushroom soup |
| Cream of tartar | 1 tsp | 2 tsp vinegar |
| Cream of tartar | 1 tsp | 2 tsp lemon juice |
| Heavy cream | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk |
| Heavy cream | 1 cup | 3/4 cup milk + 1/3 cup butter |
| Light cream | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk |
| Light cream | 1 cup | 3/4 cup milk + 3 Tbs butter |
| Crème fraiche | 1 cup |
1 cup heavy cream + 1 Tbs plain yogurt Mix well, and allow to stand at room temperature, covered, for six hours. |
| Egg | 1 whole | 1//4 cup egg substitute |
| Egg | 1 whole | 1//4 cup silken tofu, pureed |
| Egg | 1 whole | 2 1/2 Tbs powdered egg substituted + 2 1/2 water |
| Egg | 1 whole | 3 Tbs mayonnaise |
| Egg | 1 whole | Half a banana, mashed, and mixed with 1/2 tsp baking powder |
| Egg | 1 whole |
1 Tbs powdered flax seeds + 3 Tbs water. Mix well and allow to sit for 5 minutes to thicken. |
| Evaporated milk | Any amount | An equal amount of light cream |
| Farmer's cheese | Any amount | An equivalent weight of dry cottage cheese or an equivalent amount of cottage cheese, drained |
| Flour, bread | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour + tsp wheat gluten |
| Flour, cake | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 Tbs |
| Flour, self-rising | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all purpose flour + 1 1/2 tsp baking powder + 1/2 tsp salt |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/8 tsp garlic powder |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/2 tsp granulated garlic |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/2 tsp garlic salt; reduce salt used in recipe |
| Gelatin | 1 Tbs, granulated | 2 tsp agar agar |
| Ginger, fresh | 1 tsp, minced | 1/2 tsp powdered ginger |
| Green onions, chopped | Any amount | An equal amount of chopped onions |
| Green onions, chopped | Any amount | An equal amount of chopped shallots |
| Green onions, chopped | Any amount |
An equal amount of chopped leeks Note: Only in recipes where they will be cooked. |
| Half-and-half | 1 cup | 7/8 cup milk + 1 Tbs butter |
| Hazelnuts | Any amount | An equal amount of macadamia nuts |
| Hazelnuts | Any amount | An equal amount of almonds |
| Herbs, fresh | 1 Tbs | 1 tsp dried herbs |
| Herring | Any amount | An equivalent amount of sardines |
| Honey | 1 cup |
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water. OR 1 cup corn syrup OR 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Hot pepper sauce | 1 tsp | 3/4 tsp cayenne pepper plus 1 tsp white vinegar |
| Lard | 1 cup |
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil OR 1 cup butter |
| Lemon grass | 2 stalks | 1 Tbs fresh lemon zest |
| Lemon juice (for acidity) | 1 tsp |
1/2 tsp vinegar OR 1 tsp white wine OR 1 tsp lime juice |
| Lemon zest | 1 tsp | 1/2 tsp lemon extract OR 2 Tbs lemon juice |
| Lime juice | 1 tsp | 1/2 tsp vinegar OR 1 tsp white wine OR 1 tsp lime juice |
| Macadamia nuts | Any amount | An equivalent amount of almonds or hazelnuts |
| Mace | Any amount | An equal amount of nutmeg. |
| Margarine | 1 cup |
1 cup shortening plus 1/2 tsp salt OR 1 cup butter OR 7/8 cup vegetable shortening plus 1/2 tsp salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 tsp salt |
| Mayonnaise | Any amount | An equal amount of sour cream or plain yogurt. |
| Evaporated milk | Any amount | An equal amount of light cream |
| Milk, sweetened condensed | 1 14-ounce can |
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 cup + 2 Tbs dry powdered milk. Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 15-20 minutes. |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 1 14-ounce can |
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 cup + 2 Tbs dry powdered milk. Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 15-20 minutes. |
| Milk, whole | 1 cup |
1 sup soy milk OR 1 cup rice milk OR 1 cup water or juice OR 1/4 cup dry milk powder plus 1 cup water OR 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water |
| Mint, fresh | 1/4 cup minced | 1 Tbs dried mint leaves |
| Molasses | 1 cup | 3/4 cup brown sugar mixed with 1 tsp cream of tartar |
| Mustard, prepared | 1 Tbsp | Mix 1 Tbs dried mustard with 1 tsp water, 1 tsp vinegar, and 1 tsp sugar. Refrigerate overnight for the best flavor. |
| Onion | 1 cup, chopped |
1/4 cup dried minced onion OR 1/4 cup onion powder |
| Orange zest | 2 |
1/2 tsp orange extract OR 1 tsp lemon juice |
| Parmesan cheese | 1/2 cup, grated |
1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese OR 1/2 cup grated Romano cheese |
| Parsley | 1 Tbs fresh, chopped |
1 Tbs chopped fresh chervil OR 1 tsp dried parsely |
| Pepperoni | Any amount, by weight | An equal amount of hard salami |
| Raisins | Any amount |
1 cup dried currants OR 1 cup dried cranberries OR 1 cup chopped pitted prunes |
| Rice, white | Any amount, cooked |
An equal amount of cooked barley OR an equal amount of cooked bulgur OR an equal amount of cooked brown rice |
| Ricotta cheese | Any amount |
An equal amount of dry cottage cheese OR an equal amount of silken tofu |
| Rum | 1 Tbs | 1/2 tsp rum extract plus enough water (2 1/2 tsps) to make 1 tablespoon |
| Saffron | Any amount |
An equal amount of turmeric Note: This will only provide the color of saffron, not the flavor. |
| Salami | Any amount, by weight | An equal amount of pepperoni |
| Semisweet chocolate chips | Any amount |
An equal amount of chocolate candies OR an equal amount of peanut butter or other flavored chips OR an equal amount of chopped nuts OR an equal amount of chopped dried fruit |
| Shallots, chopped | Any amount |
An equal amount of chopped onion OR an equal amount of chopped green onions |
| Shortening | 1 cup |
1 cup butter OR 1 cup margarine and reduce the amount of salt in the recipe by 1/2 teaspoon |
| Sour cream | 1 cup |
1 cup plain yogurt OR 1 cup cream mixed with 1 Tbs lemon juice or vinegar OR 3/4 cup buttermilk combined with 1/3cup softened butter |
| Sour milk | 1 cup | 1 cup milk mixed with 1 tsp vinegar or lemon juice (allow to stand five minutes to thicken) |
| Soy sauce | 1/2 cup | 1/4 Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 Tbs water |
| Stock, either beef or chicken | 1 cup | 1 beef or chicken bullion cube dissolved in 1 cup water; adjust the salt in the recipe as needed. |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 1 14-ounce can |
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 cup + 2 Tbs dry powdered milk. Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 15-20 minutes. |
| Tamarind paste | Any amount | An equal amount of brown sugar and lime juice |
|
Vegetable oil (in baking) |
Any amount | An equal amount of apple sauce or any fruit puree |
|
Vegetable oil (for rying) |
Any amount | An equal amount of lard or vegetable shortening |
| Vinegar | Any amount | An equal amount of lemon or lime juice |
| Vinegar | 1 tsp | 2 tsps white wine |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 1 cup brown sugar |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 3/4 cup honey |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 3/4 cup corn syrup |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 cup chicken or beef broth |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 cup fruit juice mixed with 2 tsp vinegar |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 cup water |
| Yeast, active dry |
1 packet (0.25 ounces) |
1 cake compressed yeast |
| Yeast, active dry |
1 packet (0.25 ounces) |
2 1/2 tsp active dry yeast |
| Yeast, active dry |
1 packet (0.25 ounces) |
2 1/2 tsp rapid rise yeast |
| Yogurt | Any amount | An equal amount of sour cream |
| Yogurt | Any amount | An equal amount of buttermilk |
| Yogurt | Any amount | An equal amount of sour milk |